Livionex Inc.’s groundbreaking technology has been developed over the last 12+ years in collaboration with two major US universities. Rigorous clinical studies conducted have documented Livionex’s superior efficacy at plaque reduction, inflammation reduction, decreased bleeding on probing and perio pocket depth reduction.
Livionex Dental Gel contains no abrasives, detergents or antimicrobials..
Published and completed study summaries are presented below.
Study 1
Plaque, Gingivitis and Gum Bleeding – Summary
A study was conducted at a clinical practice in Milpitas, California. Colgate Total (with Triclosan) dental gel was used as a control dentifrice. All samples were packaged in white tubes and randomly assigned per the protocol. The primary investigator (PI) dentist, hygienist and patient were blinded regarding the assignment of the toothpaste. A single hygienist performed all the measurements to reduce inter-measurement variability.
The measurement indices used were as follows:
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Plaque: Quigley Hein with Turesky Modification
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Gingival Inflammation: Loe Silness Index
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Gingival Bleeding: modified Sulcus Bleeding Index
Enrolled patients were randomized to either Livionex Dental Gel or Colgate Total. Each patient was instructed to brush twice a day with a soft toothbrush.
The study duration was 4 weeks, with 3 visits: baseline, 2 weeks and 4 weeks. After baseline measurements, the patient received a professional deep cleaning to remove any accumulation of supra- and subgingival plaque. Therefore, patients started with zero plaque after the baseline visit.
Comparison of baseline measurements to end of study (Week 4) measurements showed a statistically significant reduction of plaque, gingivitis and gum bleeding. The percentage reduction in the various indices is shown in Figure 1.
Figure 1: Percentage reduction from baseline indices in a 4 week double blind randomized study conducted in the USA; comparing Livionex Dental Gel to Colgate Total.
Since all patients received a professional deep cleaning after baseline measurements, all started with a zero on the plaque index. As shown in Figure 1, the reduction of plaque measurements showed a reduction of 7% for plaque, which means that 93% of the plaque at baseline had returned at the end of 4 weeks in the Colgate Total group. This is compared to a reduction of 91% for plaque, which means that 9% of the plaque at baseline had returned at the end of 4 weeks in the Livionex Dental Gel group.
Reference: Ralston et al. Comparison of Plaque Removal Capabilities between Two Dentifrices, Oral Hyg Health 2014, 2: 157. doi: 10.4172/2332-0702.1000157.
STUDY 2
Plaque, Gingivitis and Gum Bleeding Summary
A double-blind randomized study was conducted at the Beckman Laser Institute at the University of California at Irvine, California. Colgate Total (with Triclosan) dental gel was used as a control dentifrice. All samples were packaged in white tubes and randomly assigned per the protocol. The primary investigator (PI) dentist, technician and patient were blinded regarding the assignment of the toothpaste. A single technician performed all the measurements to reduce inter-measurement variability.
The measurement indices used were as follows:
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Plaque: Quigley Hein >with Turesky Modification
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Gingival Inflammation: Loe Silness Index
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Gingival Bleeding: modified Sulcus Bleeding Index
25 patients were enrolled, with 13 randomized to Livionex Dental Gel and 12 randomized to Colgate Total. Results were averaged on a per-mouth basis.
The study duration was 3 weeks, with 4 visits: baseline, week 1, week 2 and week 3 (end of study).
There was no professional cleaning provided to the patients at baseline. Each patient was provided with brushing instructions and a standard soft toothbrush. All patients were instructed to brush twice a day.
A comparison of baseline measurements to end of study (Week 3) measurements showed a statistically significant reduction of plaque, gingivitis and gum bleeding. The reduction in the various indices is shown in Figure 2 below.
Figure 2: Percentage reduction from baseline indices in a 3 week double blind randomized study conducted in the USA; comparing Livionex Dental Gel to Colgate Total.
References:
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Multimodality imaging of the effects of a novel dentifrice on oral biofilm, Ajdaharian J. et al, Lasers Surg Med 2014. PMID: 24916419
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Effects of a Novel Dental Gel on Plaque and Gingivitis: A Comparative Study. Dadkhah M, et al. Dentistry 4:239, 2014. doi: 10.4172/2161-1122.1000239
Reduction in Plaque and inflammation Compared to Other Dental Products
The following methodology was used to conduct a comparative analysis:
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Used results from both studies conducted above where a Triclosan/copolymer based anti-plaque, anti-gingivitis toothpaste (Colgate Total) was used as a control..
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Used the Standard Differences of plaque Index and gingival index that measured relative efficacy in Triclosan/copolymer based toothpaste (Colgate Total) as a benchmark to compare to a toothpaste containing Stannous Fluoride (Crest).
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Reference: Gunsolley, John C., A meta-analysis of six-month studies of antiplaque and antigingivitis agents, JADA, Vol. 137 December 2006, 1649-1657
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Compared the standard differences from our studies to the standard difference published in the meta study to calculate relative efficacy of Livionex Dental Gel.
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Triclosan/copolymer toothpaste (Colgate Total) is used as a benchmark, and all efficacies are compared to the efficacy of Colgate Total.
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Results are shown in Figure 3 below
Figure 3: * The relative numbers represent the standardized mean effect (active agent minus control divided by the standard deviation), which is the relative strength of the active agent in comparison to Colgate Total.
STUDY 3
Remineralization
The protocol followed was similar to the published protocol by Maggio, et al.: Evaluation of mouthrinse and dentifrice regimens in an in situ erosion remineralisation model, J Dent. 2010 Nov.
The study utilized 5 subjects. Each subject wore a palatal appliance with 8 enamel blocks and used Livionex Dental Gel as the test dentifrice. All testing was done in a blinded manner, i.e., neither the test subject nor the measuring technician was aware of the gel being tested.
Surface Micro Hardness Remineralization (SMHR) was measured using the Knoop Microhardness test protocol. Livionex dental gel results are compared to results in the Maggio paper in Figure 4 below:
Figure 4: Percentage of surface microhardness recovery 4 hours after brushing. Knoop microhardness test was used.
STUDY 4
In this randomized, prospective, controlled, double-blind pilot study, 10 subjects with periodontitis were recruited. 5 subjects received a Livionex Dental Gel designed to break up and prevent re-accumulation of microbial biofilm. The remaining 5 subjects brushed with Colgate Total with Triclosan. After initial clinical examination, full pocket charting were documented by a clinician. After OCT and intra-oral images, volunteers received standardized oral hygiene instructions. Periodontal pocket charting was determined at beginning and end of the study.
From OCT images, changes in soft and hard supporting tissues of the teeth were measured using software-based point-to-point measurement capability. Changes in periodontal health over time based on clinical measurements were used as the standard for evaluating images of the periodontium.
Pocket depths as measured from the OCT images also reduced progressively, and the soft tissue pocket width decreased too
Using 1-way ANOVA, pocket depths decreased significantly(p=0.043) for the Livionex active group but not for anti-gingivitis control(p=0.084).
Figure 5: Pocket Depth changes using clinical observations and Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT).
Reference: Imaging gingivitis response to a novel dentifrice, Janet Ajdaharian, et al, Beckman Laser Institute and Medical Clinic, University of California, Irvine, CA, ASLMS 2013 Annual Conference Poster Session.
STUDY 5
This was an open label single arm six patient study conducted at a major US University. Study duration was 6 months. Subjects were initially enrolled within 4-6 weeks of routine oral prophylaxis provided by their own dental care team. Primary inclusion criterion was the presence of 6 or more periodontal pockets each with a probing depth of > 4mm. periodontal pocket depths (PPD) were measured again at 3 months and at 6 months.
The patients were instructed to brush twice daily with Livionex Dental gel over the 6 month study period, using their usual brushing technique. They were also instructed to continue with any adjunct measures that they had been using previously, such as flossing, Waterpik, mouthwashes and chewing gum. No other dental treatment was provided to these 6 subjects.
On Day 0 350 PPD's measured 4mm or more. PPD depth changes were statistically significant at both 3 month and 6 month time points. Figure 5 shows the changes in the PPD's.
The data clearly demonstrates that diseased PPD's showed a greater improvement compared to relatively healthy PPD's after 3 months of Livionex use, with further improvement at the 6 month time point.
In conclusion, this study demonstrated a potentially beneficial impact of daily brushing with Livionex dental gel in patients with periodontitis.
Figure 6: Number of Perio Pocket Depths that were greater than 4 mm, 5 mm and 6 mm over time.
If you are a dental professional or academic institution interested in conducting research on Livionex Dental Gel, please email Info [at] Livionex [dot] com with your proposal.